健康行为理论的应用研究

Study on the Application of Health Behavior Theorys

目的:研究分析健康行为理论的应用研究现状,并提出相关思考和建议。方法:通过检索3个数据库中关于健康行为理论的应用研究文献共71篇,建立文献数据库并进行数据分析。结果:①纳入文献中应用的健康行为理论主要包括知信行模式、跨理论模型/行为分阶段改变理论、健康信念模式等11种。其中最多的为知信行模式(占29.6%);②纳入文献研究人群例数共6158例,包括患病人群、健康人群、亚健康人群、患者家属,其中患病人群主要为慢病人群(30篇)。且不同研究对象选用的健康行为理论有所差异;③纳入文献的研究目的包括行为干预、行为解释、行为预测,其中行为干预占最多(94.4%)。而不同研究目的所选用的健康行为理论不同;④效果评价指标主要包括量表、替代指标、结局指标等,其中使用频率最高的为量表,占72.3%。结论:健康行为理论在解释、预测和干预健康行为中发挥着重要作用,但目前整体上以理论指导的健康行为研究不多,特别是在中医药领域尚未得到重视。在具体应用过程中建议根据理论自身属性、目标人群特征及研究目的合理选择健康行为理论,且要建立多层次、连续、多维的综合效果评价指标体系。

Objective: To study and analyze the application status of health behavior theory,and to put forward some relevant suggestions.Methods: A total of 71 papers about application research on health behavior theory was obtained through searching 3 databases,and a literature database was set up.Results:(1)In the included papers,there are 11 types of health behavior theories,including Knowledge Attitude Belief Practice,Transtheoretical Model of Behavior and Health Belief Model,etc.Among them,the Knowledge Attitude Belief Practice is widely used(29.6%).(2)A total of 6158 cases were included in the literature study,including the diseased population,the healthy population,the sub-healthy population,and the family members.The majority of the diseased population are chronic patients(30 articles).There are differences in the health behavior theories among different subjects.(3)The research objective included in the literature includes behavioral intervention,behavioral explanation and behavioral prediction,with the behavioral intervention accounting for the most(94.4%).There are differences in the health behavior theories among different research objective.(4)The evaluation index mainly includes the scale surrogate index,biological index and outcome index,among which the most frequently used index is the scale(72.3%).Conclusion: The health behavior theories play an important role in explaining,predicting and intervening in health behaviors.However,there is few studies on health behavior guided by theory,especially in the field of Traditional Chinese Medicine.It is suggested that the theory of health behavior should be rationally selected according to its own features,characteristics of target population and research purposes,and a multilevel,continuous and multi-dimensional comprehensive effect evaluation index system should be established.