我国车用乙醇汽油发展的技术经济分析

Technical and Economic Analysis of Development of Ethanol Gasoline for Vehicles in China

生物燃料乙醇生产和推广使用车用乙醇汽油,是当前我国清洁能源工程最有条件和最现实的一个方向。推广使用乙醇汽油可以减少尾气污染物排放,提高发动机的动力性能,减少发动机内部积炭;但同时也存在燃烧热值低,蒸发潜热大,高浓度乙醇汽油存在腐蚀金属倾向,与发动机某些材料配伍适应性差等问题。影响乙醇汽油发展的三大要素是资源、技术和经济。我国发展燃料乙醇/乙醇汽油产业的资源条件不如美国和巴西。近几年原料价格上涨,国际油价下跌,加之逐步恢复消费税、取消增值税退税等,使国内燃料乙醇生产企业在目前的市场及行业政策环境下,整体处于严重亏损的窘迫困境。2017年发布的《关于扩大生物燃料乙醇生产和推广使用车用乙醇汽油的实施方案》能否最终顺利实施,关键是纤维素制乙醇核心技术取得突破及其实现产业化。如果第二代生物燃料(BTL)技术经济上能过关,就不仅能为车用乙醇汽油产业的发展打开局面,也可为乙醇化工的发展带来机遇。

The production of bioethanol fuel and the promotion of the use of ethanol gasoline for vehicles is the most realistic development direction of clean energy projects in China.Promoting the use of ethanol gaso-line can reduce the emissions of exhaust pollutants,improve the power performance of engines and reduce the carbon deposition inside the engines,but at the same time,there are some problems including the low heat of combustion,the high latent heat of evaporation,the metal corroding tendency of high concentration ethanol gasoline and the poor compatibility with certain materials of engine.The three major factors influencing the development of ethanol gasoline are resource,technology and economy.The resource conditions for developing ethanol fuel/ethanol gasoline industry in China are not as good as those in the United States and Brazil.Due to the rising price of raw materials,the falling international oil price,the gradual resumption of consumption tax and the elimination of VAT refund in recent years,domestic ethanol fuel producers have been subjected to heavy losses as a whole in the current market and industry policy environment.The key to the successful implementation of the Implementation Plan for Expanding Bioethanol Fuel Production and Promoting the Use of Ethanol Gasoline for Vehicles issued in 2017 is the breakthrough in the core technology of cellulose-based ethanol production and its industrialization.If the second-generation BTL technology can satisfy the requirements both technically and economically,it will not only open up a situation for the development of vehicle ethanol gasoline industry,but also bring opportunities for the development of ethanol chemical industry.