上海野生动物园大熊猫育幼行为初步研究

A preliminary study on the maternal behavior of female giant pandas in Shanghai Wild Animal Park

2017年10月至2018年3月采用连续记录法和焦点取样法,对上海野生动物园熊猫馆的2只雌性大熊猫在育幼期间的时间分配与活动节律进行了初步观察研究。结果表明:2个个体在育幼期间,育幼行为是最主要的行为方式,在育幼前期占90%以上。在整个育幼期间,随时间大熊猫的舔阴和育幼行为呈下降趋势,摄食、休息、活动、求适和其他行为呈上升趋势。但2个个体之间也表现出一定差异:育幼经验不足的个体("芊芊")母性强于育幼经验丰富的个体("思雪"),在育幼期不同阶段,"芊芊"用于护仔、舔仔、哺乳和母仔互动的时间均高于"思雪"。通过对上海野生动物园育幼期大熊猫行为的研究,为圈养育幼期的大熊猫饲养与管理提供科学依据。

In this study, we examine the daily time budgets and activity rhythms of two female giant pandas during their lactation period using continuous recording and focal animal sampling in the Shanghai Wild Animal Park from October 2017 to March 2018. We found that maternal behavior in these two giant pandas was the main activity during the early stage of the lactation period, which accounts for 90% of all behaviors. Furthermore, genital grooming and maternal behavior were decreased and other non-maternal behavior such as feeding, resting, moving, grooming showed an increasing tendency across their entire lactation period. We also noticed that the two pandas showed different parental care. The maternal instinct of Qian Qian was stronger than that of Si Xue, which one has a prolific experience in mother-rearing. Qian Qian spent more time on protecting, licking, lactation and interacting of with its cubs than did Si Xue at different stages of the lactation period. In conclusion, our study provides a theoretical and scientific basis for the artificial breeding and management of captive giant pandas.