从“北京共识”到“中国模式”——改革开放以来海外学者对“中国道路”的研究进展

From "Beijing Consensus" to "China Model" : An Overview of Overseas Scholars' Research on "China Path" since China's Reform and Opening Up

中国改革开放的成功,标志着中国逐渐走出了一条适合本国国情的现代化之路,即中国特色社会主义道路,简称"中国道路"。这条道路既不同于经典马克思主义描述的社会主义道路,更不同于美国等西方国家推行的以新自由主义理论为基础的资本主义道路。这种特殊性自然引起了海外学者对"中国道路"本质、基本特征、可复制性、可持续性的研究与争论;与此同时,在这个过程中,也激起了他们对资本主义发展模式的内在弊端及其在拉美等发展中国家实践失败的重新思考。本文通过系统梳理各个阶段的重要代表性文献,呈现海外学者对"中国道路"的研究脉络与主要论点,揭示背后的不同关怀与不同立场,提炼可资借鉴的核心范畴与关键维度;在此基础上,认为国内"中国道路"研究应该回到原点,即科学社会主义的创立者卡尔·马克思与现代政治经济学之父亚当·斯密,在全球史与大的理论脉络中去与世界对话。

The success of China’s reform and opening up indicates that China has gradually embarked on a path to modernization that suits its national reality, namely "the Path of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics" or "China Path" for short. This path is not only different from the path of socialism described by classical Marxism, but also from the path of capitalism based on neoliberal theory and promoted by the United States and other Western countries. This particularity has attracted overseas scholars to study the nature, features, reproducibility and sustainability of "China Path";at the same time, in this process it has also urged them to rethink the inherent drawbacks of capitalism development model and its failure of practice in developing countries such as Latin America ones. By examining the important representative literature of each stage, this article presents the main arguments of overseas scholars on "China Path", reveals the different concerns and different positions behind, and refines the core concepts and key dimensions that can be used by Chinese scholars for reference;on the basis of discussion above, this article further suggests that the domestic research on "China Path" should start from the founder of scientific socialism, Karl Marx, and the father of modern political economics, Adam Smith, and engage in conversation with the world in the context of global history and big theory.