唐山市空气污染物对某医院呼吸系统疾病门诊量的影响

Effects of Air Pollution on Respiratory Disease Outpatients of a Hospital in Tangshan

目的探讨唐山市空气污染对人群呼吸系统疾病门诊量的影响。方法采用广义相加泊松模型的时间序列研究方法,在控制门诊量的长期趋势、星期几效应、气象因素等混杂因素的影响的基础上,分析唐山市2014年1月1日—2016年12月31日大气污染物质量浓度与呼吸系统疾病日门诊量的关系。结果大气PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)及SO_2与呼吸系统疾病门诊量呈正相关,且与一定的滞后效应,并且质量浓度每升高10μg/m^3,呼吸系统疾病日门诊量分别上升0.37%(RR=1.003 7,95%CI:1.001 6～1.005 8)、0.26%(RR=1.002 6,95%CI:1.001 1～1.004 1)、0.70%(RR=1.007 0,95%CI:1.003 5～1.010 5),多污染物模型中,PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)及SO_2每升高10μg/m^3,呼吸系统疾病日门诊量分别上升0.07%(RR=1.000 7,95%CI:0.994 0～1.007 5)、0.08%(RR=1.000 8,95%CI:0.996 0～1.005 6)、0.49%(RR=1.004 9,95%CI:1.000 3～1.009 6)。结论唐山市的大气污染物与居民呼吸系统疾病日门诊量之间存在正相关。

Objectives To investigate the effect of air pollution on the outpatient amount with respiratory diseases in Tangshan. Methods The relationship between atmospheric pollutant concentration and daily outpatient rate of respiratory diseases from January 1st, 2014 to December 31st, 2016 in Tangshan was analyzed on the basis of Generalized Addictive model with the controlling of the long-term trend of outpatient service as well as the effects of weeks and meteorological factors. Results Atmospheric PM2.5, PM10, and SO2 were positively correlated with the outpatient rate of respiratory diseases with some lag effects. For each 10 μg/m^3 increase in concentration, the daily outpatient rate of respiratory diseases increased by 0.37%(RR=1.003 7, 95%CI:1.001 6~1.005 8), 0.26%(RR=1.002 6,95%CI:1.001 1~1.004 1) and 0.70%(RR=1.007 0, 95%CI:1.003 5~1.010 5), respectively. In multi-pollutant models, the daily outpatient rates of respiratory diseases were increased by 0.07%(RR=1.000 7, 95%CI:0.994 0~1.007 5) and 0.08%(RR=1.000 8, 95%CI:0.996 0~1.005 6), 0.49%(RR=1.004 9, 95%CI:1.000 3~1.009 6), respectively, with the increase of every 10 μg/m^3 of PM2.5, PM10 and SO2. Conclusions There is a positive correlation between the atmospheric pollutants in Tangshan and the daily outpatient rate of respiratory diseases among residents.