不同品种蓝莓植株失绿的叶片和土壤诊断及分析

Diagnosis and Analysis of Leaves and Soils for Plant Chlorosis of Different Blueberry Varieties

以4种蓝莓失绿植株的根际土和黄化叶片为试材,分析了各根际土壤的K、P、Ca、Mg、Zn、Cu、有效铁含量和植株叶面积、叶绿素a、叶绿素b、有效铁含量等指标,以探究蓝莓植株黄化的原因。结果表明:4种蓝莓的各级黄化叶的叶面积(重度黄化叶下降15.5%～37.5%)、叶绿素b(重度黄化叶下降43.8%～71.0%)和有效铁含量低于健康叶(重度黄化叶下降14.7～19.7%),重度黄化叶的叶绿素a含量低于健康叶(下降72.5%～76.8%);4种蓝莓黄化植株的根际土壤有效铁含量低于健康植株(重度黄化植株的下降16.7%～22.1%),依次为健康植株>轻度黄化>中度黄化>重度黄化;重度黄化植株根际土壤的K、P含量高于或等于健康植株;除"蓝金"品种外,其它品种重度黄化植株根际土壤的Ca含量低于或等于健康植株;除"伯克利"品种外,其它品种根际土壤的Mg含量与健康植株相等;除"莱克西"品种外,其它品种根际土壤的Zn含量低于健康植株;4种蓝莓重度黄化植株根际土壤的Cu含量与健康植株相等。因此,蓝莓植株叶片黄化的原因是由于土壤中的有效铁含量较低,K、P含量过高,从而造成叶片有效铁含量过低,叶绿素含量下降,最终导致叶片黄化。

In order to explore the reasons of the blueberry plantchlorosis,K,P,Ca,Mg,Zn,Cu,available iron of each rhizospheresoiland leaf area,chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b,available iron of leaves were analyzed with four blueberry varieties.The results showed that the leaf area(severe chlorosis leaves decreased by 15.5%-37.5%),chlorophyll b(severe chlorosis leaves decreased by 43.8%-71.0%) and the content of available iron(severe chlorosis leaves decreased by 14.7%-19.7%)of all levels chlorosis leaves of 4 blueberry varieties were lower than that in the healthy leaves,the chlorophyll a in severe chlorosis leaves was lower than the healthy leaves(decreased by 72.5%-76.8%);the available iron in rhizosphere soil of 4 blueberry′s varieties was lower than that of healthy plant′s(severe chlorosis plant decreased by 16.7%-22.1%),among which healthy plants>light etiolating plants>moderate etiolating planst>severe etiolating plants;the contents of K and P in rhizosphere soil of severe chlorosis plants were higher than or equal to those of healthy plant′s;apart from ‘Bluegold’,Ca content in the rhizosphere soil of other severe chlorosis plants was lower than or equal to that of the healthy plant′s.Apart from ‘Berkeley’,Mg content in the rhizosphere soil of other severe chlorosis plants was equal to that of healthy plant′s.Apart from ‘Lexie’,Zn content in rhizosphere soil of other varieties were lower than healthy plant′s.Cu content in the rhizosphere soil of the severe etiolating plants of 4 blueberry′s varieties was equal to that of healthy plant′s.Therefore,the reason of chlorosis of blueberry plants was that the soil contained the low available iron and the high K and P,causing low available iron,low chlorophyll in leaves,which eventually resulted in leaves chlorosis.