收入不平等、物质渴求与创业非理性——基于物质渴求的遮掩效应与调节效应

Income Inequality, Material Craving and Entrepreneurial Irrationality ——Shadowing Effect and Regulating Effect Based on Material Craving

利用2014年中国家庭追踪调查数据,根据中介效应检验步骤,采用logit和tobit回归模型分别检验了收入不平等、物质渴求与是否创业和创业强度的关系。实证结果发现:全样本收入分配不平等与物质渴求存在U形关系,当收入差距超过拐点时,收入不平等不利于创业,物质渴求促进创业,并且收入差距通过刺激物质渴求遮掩了收入不平等对创业的不利影响从而促进非理性创业发生;替换被解释变量及替换收入不平等指标等方式后实证结果仍稳健。分样本的回归结果显示:农村收入差距与物质渴求存在U形关系,当收入差距超过拐点时通过刺激物质渴求促进农村非理性创业;城市收入差距则与物质渴求存在倒U形关系,当收入差距超过拐点时,物质渴求随收入差距增加而降低,并且与创业关系不显著,城市居民面对收入差距时呈现出相对创业理性。

Using the 2014 data from the China Family Tracking Survey,this paper adopts logit and tobit regression models to test respectively the relationship of income inequality and material craving to entrepreneurship decision and entrepreneurial tensity according to mediation effect test steps. It is found that there is a U-shaped relationship between income disparity and material craving. When the income gap exceeds the inflection point,income inequality is harmful to entrepreneurship whereas material craving stimulates it. In addition, income inequality obscures its harmful effect on entrepreneurship by stimulating material craving and thus promotes irrational entrepreneurship. The empirical results remain robust after replacing the explained variables,and the income inequality indicators. The regression results of subsamples show that there is a U-shaped relationship between rural income gap and material craving and the income gap promotes irrational entrepreneurship in rural areas when it exceeds the inflection point. On the contrary,there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between urban income gap and material craving and the material craving decreases as the income gap rises after the inflection point. The relationship between income gap and entrepreneurship is not overt in urban areas which shows that urban residents show relative rationality on entrepreneurship when facing income gap.