网络犯罪中中立性帮助行为的可罚性认定路径

Analysis of the Punishability of Neutral Acts of Assistance in Cyber-crime and Its Confirmation Path

在信息网络犯罪的帮助行为中,存在大量的中立行为,即形式上是一般的日常行为或业务行为,但实际上却对某些犯罪行为产生了帮助作用的行为。对于中立性帮助行为,限制处罚说具有合理性。限制处罚应从主客观两个方面对处罚范围进行限制,同时还需要具体地判断刑罚效果。中立性帮助行为的可罚性认定应当区分行为样态是作为还是不作为。其中,不作为的方式,先判断行为人是否具有保证人义务,还需要考虑行为可能性以及期待可能性,即如果行为在技术上不可行,或者成本过高,则没有合法行为的行为可能性,而不能对其进行处罚;如果阻止帮助行为对犯罪的促进,只能通过侵犯通信秘密、言论自由等基本权利的方式进行,则不具有期待可能性,也不可罚。

There are a lot of neutral acts in the assistance acts of information network crime. That is, They appear to be the usual daily or business acts in form, but actually they have helpful effects on some criminal acts. For neutral helping behavior, the theory of restrictive penalties is reasonable. The range of penalties for these acts should be defined in terms of subjectivity and objectiveness ,and their effect should be judged concretely as well. In the determination of their punishability, we should distinguish action from inaction in terms of behavior pattern. In terms of inaction, whether the actor has the obligation of guarantor should be judged first, then the action possibility and the anticipated possibility be considered. That is, if the behavior is not technically feasible, or the cost is too high, there is no possibility of lawful acts, and it is not punishable. So is with the anticipated possibility, in which the prevention of the assistance act can only be done by infringing on the basic rights such as communication secrets and freedom of speech.