云南集市地名特征及其语言文化内涵初探

Study on the Place Name Characteristics of Yunnan Fairs and Their Linguistic and Cultural Connotations

集市在云南主要称“街”,这是滇域较为突出的地域特征词。据考证,云南的“街”,当源自古蜀语“亥”,亥者“孩”也,乃周而复始之疟疾,因集市与之在循环义上关联而通,而滇域又多以道路成市,道路又与“街”相关,“亥(痰)”和“街”古音同,后便代之以“街”而名之。云南以“街”为通名的集市至迟元代即已岀现,明清以来渐盛,其专名构成上具有自然性、直观性、原始性、民族性和重复性特征。滇域街子的集日循环,在民国及其之前主要用地支(属相)确定街日,以十二天为基数进行循环,改革开放以后主要用星期确定街日,以七天为基数而循环,街期上具有短而密集的特点。“街”是集市适应云南独特的地理和文化环境所产生的特殊地域称谓和演变类型,它具有独特而深刻的滇域文化内涵特征。

Fair is mainly called "Jie" in Yunnan, which is a word of quite regional characteristic. According to our textual research ,it originated from the ancient Sichuan dialect "Hai", which is recurrent malaria and connected with the "Jie" in the sense of circulation. In Yunnan, fairs are mainly formed by roads, which are related to the "Jie". The ancient sounds of "Hai" and "Jie" are the same, and later they were named "Jie". Yunnan fairs with "Jie" as its common name appeared in Yuan Dynasty at the latest, and it had been flourishing since Ming and Qing Dynasties. This proper name is characterized by naturalness, intuition, primitiveness, nationality and repetition. The gathering - day cycle of fairs in Yunnan area was mainly determined by Terrestrial Branches ( Shengxiao) before the Republic of China and by twelve days as the base. After the reform and opening-up, street days were mainly determined by weeks and circulated by seven days, quite short and dense in its period. The "Jie” is a special geographical appellation and evolution type produced by the bazaar adapting to Yunnan's distinctive geographical and cultural environment. It has special and profound cultural connotation characteristic of Yunnan region.