秦简“新地吏”再探——兼论秦“新地”统治政策

Re-discussion on “New Land Officers” in Qin Bamboo Slips——On the Ruling Policy of “New lands” of Qin Dynasty

为实现对新征服地区的有效治理,秦通过任命、选拔、借调官吏和征发“病免醪者”、遣史学童诈不人试者等方式对"新地吏”进行补充。此外,秦令通过规定违令群体和行为,以“新地吏”二年或四年替代罪吏应受的处罚,令所需官吏以故秩到“新地”任相关职务。其本质是“谪”的劳役形式,是对有罪官吏的惩治。面对“新地吏”素质参差的状况,秦令在对其严格限制的同时又体现出对“新黔首”的宽容。

To achieve effective governance over the newly conquered areas, the state of Qin supplemented the " new land officials" by means of appointment, selection, secondment of officials and requisition of rehabilitative officials removed from office because of illness, and sending out Shixuetong who had cheated in order to fail. In addition, the decree of Qin stipulated that officials who had violated some decree and should receive punishment could be pardoned if they go to the "new land" for relevant positions for two or four years. This is, in essence, a kind of u banishmentn in the form of labor to punish those officials who have committed crimes. With the uneven quality of the "new land officials", the seemingly strict and restrictive decrees of Qin showed tolerance to the "new people".