国际分工新趋势与中国制造全球价值链攀升

New Trend of International Labour Division and Global Value Chain Climb of Chinese Manufacturing

对制造"大而不强"、致力于迈向全球价值链中高端的中国而言,近年来国际分工的新趋势及影响不可忽视:新一轮生产技术变革压缩了价值链攀升的传统路径,中国高级生产要素供给不足及制造服务含量偏低等问题进一步凸显;美国重构"边缘化"中国的全球价值链分工体系的行为严重危害了中国制造供应链网络,放大了中国关键零部件配套能力欠缺的问题;中国倡导的"一带一路"建设主要集中于市场开拓和产能合作,打造以我为主的新型价值链分工体系仍任重道远。在国际分工新趋势下推动中国制造全球价值链攀升,应重视国内高级要素培育,增强内生发展能力;提升制造的服务化水平,推动先进制造与现代服务融合;鼓励企业开展全球化运营,加强全球资源整合;着力改善国内营商环境,提升制度开放水平。

The manufacturing in China is “big but not strong”. The new round of technological change in production has compressed the traditional path of value chain climb, the lack of advanced production factors and manufacturing services in China is further highlighted. The reconfiguration of the “marginalization” of China’s global value chain division system by the United States seriously harms China’s manufacturing supply chain network;there is a long way to go for “the Belt and Road” construction which mainly focuses on market development and international production capacity cooperation. Therefore, it is important to cultivate the advanced elements and enhance the ability of endogenous development, to upgrade the service level of manufacturing and integrate the advanced manufacturing with modern services, to encourage enterprises to operate globally and integrate global resources, to improve the business environment, and to make the system more open.