风险分配与认知正义:理解邻避冲突的新视角

Risk Distribution and Epistemic Justice: New Perspective of Understanding NIMBY Conflicts

邻避设施选址是一个风险分配的过程,风险分配的不正义则是引发邻避冲突的重要原因。对风险分配正义原则的讨论不能局限于现有的分配正义范式,而需要将风险的"生产"纳入其中。风险具有知识建构的内在属性,邻避设施风险生产的实质是知识生产,不同主体风险知识之间的冲突则是邻避冲突的重要构成。认知正义原则要求打破科学知识在风险界定中的垄断性权力,承认常民知识的风险认知价值。在此基础上需要构建基于承认与包容的风险共同体,实现风险责任的共同承担,并经由知识的合作生产来改善风险决策,最终实现风险社会中合作秩序的构建。

The siting of “not in my backyard”(NIMBY) facilities is a process of risk distribution, and the injustice of risk distribution is an important reason for NIMBY conflicts. The discussion of the justice principle of risk distribution should not be limited to the existing paradigm of distribution justice, but should include the “production” of risk. Risk has the intrinsic attribute of knowledge construction, and the essence of risk production of NIMBY facilities is knowledge production. Thus, the conflict between different subjects’ risk knowledge is an important component of NIMBY conflicts. The principle of epistemic justice requires breaking the monopoly power of scientific knowledge in the definition of risk and acknowledging the value of lay knowledge in risk definition. On this basis, it is necessary to construct a risk community based on recognition and tolerance, to realize the shared responsibility of risk, and to improve the risk decision making through the cooperative production of knowledge, and finally to realize the construction of cooperative order in the risk society.