白色脂肪棕色化的影响因素及临床意义

Impact factors and clinical significance of the browning of white adipose tissue

脂肪组织是人体非常重要的能量储存组织。哺乳动物体内一般存在三种类型脂肪组织:白色脂肪组织、经典棕色脂肪组织、诱导性棕色脂肪组织或米色脂肪组织。白色脂肪组织的主要功能是以甘油三酯的形式贮存能量及内分泌功能;经典棕色脂肪组织和诱导性棕色脂肪组织的主要功能则是产热及保持机体能量平衡。寒冷的环境、运动等因素均可刺激白色脂肪棕色化,而PRDM16、PPARγ和PGC-1α是与该过程相关的三个核心转录因子。白色脂肪棕色化是一个复杂的、由多种因素参与的调控过程。研究显示,棕色脂肪的活化和白色脂肪棕色化,一方面有利于肥胖、糖尿病、脂肪肝等疾病的治疗,但另一方面有可能促进恶性肿瘤患者的病情进展。可见,不同类型脂肪组织在健康人体内始终是保持在一个动态平衡状态。如何在各种类型脂肪组织早期代谢失衡阶段,通过关键靶点干预治疗将是未来研究的一个新思路。

The adipose tissue is an extreme important tissue for energy storage.There are three types of adipose tissue in mammals:white fat tissue,classic brown adipose tissue,and inducible brown adipose tissue,or beige adipose tissue.The main function of white fat tissue is to store energy in the form of triglyceride and maintain the endocrine function.The main function of classic brown adipose tissue and inducible brown adipose tissue is to generate heat and maintain the energy balance of the body.Cold environment and exercise can stimulate the browning of white adipose tissue,and PRDM16,PPARγand PGC-1αare the three core transcription factors related to this process.The browning of white adipose tissue is a complex process involving many factors.Previous studies showed that the browning of white adipose tissue is beneficial to the treatment of obesity,diabetes,fatty liver,and other diseases,on the other hand,it can promote the progress of the patients with malignant tumor.Also,it can be seen that different types of adipose tissue always maintain a dynamic balance in healthy human body.How to intervene in various types of adipose tissue at the early stage of metabolic imbalance,through key targets,will be a new idea for the further researches.