青贮玉米与拉巴豆套种对青贮玉米品质及产量的影响

Effects of silage maize and Dolichos lablab intercropping on quality and yield of silage maize

为寻求青贮玉米(Zea mays)栽培中品质改良、产量升高的新途径和新技术,在贵州松桃县九江乡试验地以青贮玉米(郑青贮1号)和拉巴豆(Dolichos lablab)为研究材料,于青贮玉米行距间套种不同行数的拉巴豆,共设3个处理玉米不套作(A_0)、1行玉米+1行拉巴豆(A_1)、1行玉米+2行拉巴豆(A_2),研究多行拉巴豆套种对青贮玉米产量和品质的影响。结果表明,随着拉巴豆行数的增加,青贮玉米产量、粗蛋白、粗灰分、叶长、全氮、全磷和全钙含量均显著增高(P <0.05),其中产量最高达55 350.00 kg·hm^(–2),与单作青贮玉米相比,可实现农民增收10 520.50元·hm^(–2)。青贮玉米粗脂肪、干物质量、株高在套种1行拉巴豆时最高,且各处理间差异显著(P <0.05)。叶宽和叶片数随着套种拉巴豆行数的增加呈降低趋势。中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量在各处理之间无显著差异(P> 0.05)。不同套种处理后,青贮玉米的产量、粗蛋白、粗灰分、N、P、Ca、Mg、无氮浸出物和叶片数9个性状变异较大,变异系数10%～32.9%。青贮玉米与拉巴豆套种表现出较强的套种优势。因此,在生产中为提高产量,增加套种优势,宜采用青贮玉米与拉巴豆套种行数比为1∶2模式。但是鉴于粗灰分含量在此处理下最高,还需在今后的试验中对套种处理做进一步的研究。

To develop new methods and technologies for improving the quality and increasing the yield of silage maize,intercropping of silage maize(Zheng Silage No.1)and Dolichos lablab was examined in Jiujiang Township,Songtao County,Guizhou Province.The effect of intercropping of multiple rows of D.lablab with silage maize on the yield and quality of silage maize was evaluated after three treatments:no intercropping(A0),a row of silage maize+a row of D.lablab(A1),and a row of silage maize+two rows of D.lablab(A2).The results showed that the yield,crude protein,crude ash,leaf length,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,and total calcium content of silage maize increased significantly with increasing rows of D.lablab intercropped with silage maize.The highest yield of silage maize was 55 350.00 kg·ha^–1,which can increase farmers'income by 10 520.50 CNY·ha^–1 over that from silage maize cultivated alone.The crude fat,dry matter weight,and plant height of silage maize were highest when intercropping one row of D.lablab with silage maize,and significant differences were detected among different treatments(P<0.05).The leaf width and leaf number of silage maize decreased with increasing row numbers of intercropping D.lablab.There was no significant difference between neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber in the three treatments.The yield,crude protein,crude ash,N,P,Ca,Mg,nitrogen-free extract,and leaf number of silage maize varied considerably with different interplanting treatments,and the coefficient of variation ranged from 10% to 32.9% .The intercropping of silage maize and D.lablab showed strong interplanting advantages.Therefore,to increase yield and interplanting advantages,the silage maize and D.lablab interplanting row number ratio should be 1∶2.However,based on the highest content of crude ash under this treatment,it is necessary to further evaluate intercropping treatment.