论从科学理性到经验理性的转变

On the Change from Scientific Rationality to Empirical Rationality

工业社会也可以看作是理性的社会,在社会生活的每一个领域中,人们都表现出对理性的向往、崇拜和信赖。不过,在不同的领域,理性的表现还是有着巨大差异的,而且理性的功能以及人们对理性的需要程度,也有着很大的区别。在工业社会中,科学理性是主导性的理性,但是,在实践中,特别是在非模式化的行动中,往往是经验理性发挥了更大的作用。但是,这个时代的人们对经验理性采取的往往是怀疑和排斥的态度。从20世纪后期的社会发展来看,特别是在总是直接反映了社会生活现实要求的政治领域中,出现了一种脱离理性和告别理性的趋势。实际上,这应当看作是一种对科学理性的反叛。随着人类进入了高度复杂性和高度不确定性的状态,随着模式化行动方式的日益式微,经验理性发挥了越来越重要的作用,而且在经验理性得到应用变得越来越普遍的情况下,也将形成一种新的思维方式——相似性思维。

Industrial society can also be regarded as a rational society.In every field of social life,people show their yearning,worship and trust for reason.However,in different fields,the performance of rationality is still very different,and the function of rationality and the degree of people’s need for rationality are also very different.In industrial society,scientific rationality is the dominant rationality,but in practice,especially in non-modeled actions,empirical rationality often plays a greater role.However,people in this era tend to take a skeptical and exclusive attitude towards empirical rationality.From the perspective of social development in the late 20th century,especially in the political field,which always directly reflects the realistic requirements of social life,there has been a trend of departure from rationality and farewell to rationality.In fact,it should be regarded as a rebellion against scientific rationality.As human beings enter a highly complex and highly uncertain state,with the decline of the mode of action,empirical rationality plays an increasingly important role,and when empirical rationality is applied more and more widely,it will also form a new way of thinking-similarity thinking.