社会工作专业建构:一个制度嵌入视角的分析

Professional Construction of Social Work: Analysis from Perspective of Institutional Embeddedness

西方社会工作虽然也是作为国家制度的组成部分,但其在自下而上的发展中经历了专业化与职业化的过程,模糊的专业属性是为了更好地契合人类的需求,回应环境中的不确定性,建立了本身的专业界别与专业权威。作为舶来品的社会工作进入中国后,在国家安排和政策制度的催生下,通过自上而下的推动得到了迅猛的发展。通过对G市近十年的政府购买服务与社会工作发展的政策文本的分析,以各项政策制度及蕴含其中的专业规制为切入点,探讨中国情境下嵌入于宏观国家制度环境与属地化的社区治理体系中的社会工作的专业建构过程。研究发现,在模糊发包的国家治理、内卷化的社区治理体系与不明晰的专业制度的互动中形塑了一种工具性的专业主义。

As a part of national system in the West,social work has been specialized and professionalized in its bottom-up development.Its vague professional attribute is to better meet human needs,respond to the uncertainty of the environment,and establish its professional scope and authority.Social work has developed rapidly through top-down promotion of national arrangement and policies since it was imported into China.This paper analyzes the policy texts of government’s purchase services and social work development in G city in past ten years,and with a series of policies and systems as well as professional regulations contained in them as entry points,it researches the professional construction process of social work embedded in the macro national institutional environment and localized community governance system in China’s context.It finds that a kind of instrumental professionalism is formed through the interaction between fuzzy contracted national governance,community governance system involution and unclear professional system.