修辞较量:冲突情境下的反修辞策略——基于中美关于贸易摩擦新闻报道的比较研究

Anti-Rhetorical Strategy for Rhetorical Wrestling in Conflict Situations:A Comparative Study of News Reports on China-US Trade Friction

中美贸易摩擦是中美关系中的一个重要子舆论场,双方通过媒体进行话语权的争夺。中国相对于美国,话语劣势和失语现象更加明显。话语中强大的修辞力量使得人们认识到话语争夺下隐藏着的修辞较量。对中美两国主流媒体关于中美贸易摩擦的报道进行修辞分析,可以发现,中美报道在修辞情境、争议宣认和修辞资源的利用上存在明显差别。我国新闻报道需要正确认识西方修辞实践中的各种传统与规范,而不是作为"局外人"在传播技巧和符号指向上重复翻新。我国新闻报道可以通过及时把握修辞情境、主动制造争议点、发掘共同意识、合理利用人格资源等策略,帮助修辞主体在修辞较量中获得话语争夺的优势地位。

In Sino-US relations,the trade friction is an important subordinate public opinion field,in which both sides compete for the discourse power through the media.Compared with the US,China is getting increasingly weaker and even losing its power in the discourse.Because of great rhetoric power in the discourse,people begin to be aware of the rhetoric contest hidden under the discourse fight.The rhetorical analysis of the reports on the Sino-US trade friction by the mainstream media of China and the US shows that significant differences exist between Chinese and American reports in the use of rhetorical situations,dispute declaration and admission as well as rhetorical resources.To be more powerful in the contest,China’s news reports need to correctly understand various traditions and norms in Western rhetoric practices,instead of repeating renovations in communicational skills and symbolic orientation as an outsider.By adopting the strategies such as grasping the rhetorical situations timely,proactively creating disputed points,exploring common sense and rationally utilizing personality resources,China’s news reports can help the rhetorical subject dominate the discourse fight in the rhetoric contest.