张力与限禁:奉系军阀与东北俄苏报刊之间的博弈

Tension, Restriction and Prohibition:Game between Fengtian Warlord and Russian and Soviet Newspapers in Northeastern China

奉系军阀统治时期的东北,因开辟较晚,文化草莱,接壤强邻,招致觊觎,坐使俄苏报刊纷驰。这些报刊有反苏和中立的白俄报刊,有主张传播革命思想的红党报刊。奉系军阀对站在反苏立场"识相"的白俄报刊,对淡化政治色彩、竭诚为侨民服务的中立报刊,多给予新闻自由,新闻管制相对宽松;对宣传革命的"红党"报刊则以宣传"赤化"罪名严加限制并查禁。同时,为维护东北领土不受侵犯,避免语言隔阂及党派倾轧,使国人思想不受侵蚀、同化,文化主权不被侵略,奉系军阀资助国人报刊附办俄文报刊,支持国人报刊的"拒俄运动",以捍卫当局行政威信,维护政权稳定,向在东北俄侨宣传当局各项政策,联络中俄感情,维护公平正义,纠正外报偏激言论。

Due to the lagged development,cultural wilderness and powerful neighbors,the Northeastern China under the rule of Fengtian Warlord was coveted,leading to the emergence of a number of Russian and Soviet newspapers,such as anti-Soviet and neutral newspapers run by Russians run away from the October Revolution as well as newspapers of Red Party disseminating revolutionary thoughts.Fengtian Warlord,on the one hand,offered more press freedom and a lax news control to anti-Soviet Russian newspapers that compiled with the situation and to neutral newspapers that minimized the political color and served the foreign residents wholeheartedly.On the other,the Warlord strictly restricted and even closed down Red Party newspapers accusing them of propagating proletarian revolution.Meanwhile,for the purpose of safeguarding the northeastern territories from infringement,avoiding language barriers and party conflicts,preventing Chinese people’s thoughts from erosion and assimilation and the cultural sovereignty from invasion,the Warlord financed the local newspapers to attach Russian newspapers,and supported the movement of rejecting Russian newspapers by local newspapers.This aimed to defend the administrative prestige of the authorities and maintain the political stability,publicize the policies of the authorities among Russian residents in the Northeastern China,establish friendly relationship between China and Russia,safeguard the fairness and justice and redress extreme views of foreign newspapers.