流动人口工资水平的民族差异及其分解

Analysis of Wage Differences Between Ethnic Minorities and the Han Majority among Migrant Workers

近年来少数民族流动人口的数量逐渐增多,其工资水平与工资权益问题也引起了社会各界的广泛关注。研究表明:少数民族流动人口的小时工资显著地比汉族流动人口低4. 07%,但随着工资分位的提高,流动人口工资水平的民族差异表现出明显缩小的趋势,在工资分布的顶端甚至不存在显著的民族差异。基于Oaxaca-Blinder分解和Melly分解的结果进一步显示,少数民族和汉族流动人口工资水平差异的62. 31%可以通过个人禀赋特征的民族间差异进行解释;并且随着工资分位的提高,个人禀赋的可解释比例也逐渐上升。因此,从提高少数民族流动人口工资水平和保障其工资权益的角度出发,首先,需加强对少数民族流动人口的劳动执法力度,切实保障他们的正当工资权益;其次,着力提高少数民族人口的受教育程度,缩小他们与汉族流动人口之间的工资差异。

The number of migrant workers from ethnic minorities has gradually increased in recent years, and the issues of their wage levels and their rights for equal payment have caused the society’s wide attention. Research has shown that their hourly wage is 4.07% significantly lower than the Han migrants’, but with the increase of the wage quantile,the gap shows a significant trend of reduction;especially,at the top of the wage divisions,there is even no significant ethnic differences. Analysis based on Oaxaca- Blinder and Melly methods further finds that the 62.31% of the wage difference between ethnic minorities and the Han can be explained by the difference between the two’s individual endowments;with the increase of the wage quantile,the rate of wage differences that can be explained by individual endowment also rises. Therefore,to increase the ethnic minorities’wage level and protect their legal rights,labor law enforcement must be strengthened and measures should be taken to enhance their level of education so as to reduce the differences.