《吕氏春秋》的思想统一性问题述论

On Ideological Unity of Lv's Spring and Autumn Annals

《吕氏春秋》的思想统一性问题,同时关涉到思想主旨和文本结构问题的讨论。《史记》所载《八览》《六论》《十二纪》的次序反映了吕氏门客编定《吕氏春秋》的次序,三个部分功能不同。《八览》重在集览先秦政治与思想资源,并批评秦政得失,《六论》则进一步抽绎理想政治的基本原则,《十二纪》才是最终目标所在,即为新的秦王朝设计一部治国纲纪,并论述其思想基础。《十二纪》的编制,依托于秦汉之际流行的统于太一的元气宇宙论,其思想有统一性,但这种元气宇宙论,其内容主要是对战国中晚期思想成就的继承与整合。

This article explores the ideological unity of Lv‘s Spring and Autumn Annals《吕氏春秋》and also its ideological tenet and textual structure. The sequence of Eight Readings《八览》,Six Expositions《六论》,and Twelve Periods《十二纪》that are recorded in Historical Records《史记》reflects the order in which Lv’s team compiles the annals. The three parts function differently. Eight Readings gathers Pre-Qin Period‘s political and ideological resources and criticizes the advantages and disadvantages of Qin’s reign;Six Expositions further expounds on the basic principles of ideal politics;and Twelve Periods is the ultimate objective,which designs a framework of laws and rules for the new Qin dynasty and explains its ideological foundation. The compilation of Twelve Periods relies on the then popular taiyi-centered( North Star)theory of qi universe and expresses a unity of ideologies. The theory mainly inherits and integrates the ideological achievements made during the middle and late period of the Warring States.