《凡尔赛和约》与战后德国民族复仇主义的勃兴

Treaty of Versailles and National Revanchism in Germany of the Post-war

1919年6月28日,德国在协约国的武力胁迫之下签订了完全背离"十四点原则"的《凡尔赛和约》,接受战胜国提出的对德国异常苛刻的惩罚。这种严厉的惩罚不但损害了包括资产阶级、容克贵族和普通民众等阶层在内的整个德意志民族的物质利益,而且严重践踏了德意志民族感情,伤害了德意志民族的自尊心和自豪感,从而引起了德国社会各阶层的强烈反抗和普遍抵制,刺激了战后德国民族复仇主义的勃兴。

On June 28,1919,the Allies forced Germany to sign the Treaty of Versailles,which completely deviated from the principle of "Wilson’s Fourteen Points",and accepted the harsh punishment imposed on Germany by the victorious countries.This severe punishment not only damaged the material interests of the entire German nation,including bourgeoisie,the Junker and the general public,but also seriously trampled on the German national sentiments and hurt the self-respect and pride of the German nation.It triggered a strong backlash and widespread resistance from all levels of German society,and stimulated the rise of German national revanchism after World War Ⅰ.