上海市女性婚姻移民健康自评与服务需求现况研究

A Study on Health Self-assessment and Service Demand of Female Marriage Migrants in Shanghai

目的了解上海市女性婚姻移民的基本健康状况及其服务需求,为进一步开展健康促进提供依据。方法采用分段分层随机抽样的方法,选取上海市5个区1,000名外省市户籍的女性育龄婚姻移民进行问卷调查。结果87.7%的女性婚姻移民对自身健康状况自评为很好或较好。64.4%的女性婚姻移民参加了上海城镇医保。有29.6%的人1年1次参加妇科普查,24.6%的人两年参加1次。女性婚姻移民的生活困扰前3位分别是:“孩子教育上的烦恼”“家庭成员健康问题”“家庭收入不高,谋生压力大”。女性婚姻移民健康服务需求前3位分别为慢性病的防治知识(59.4%)、定期健康检查(53.7%)、科学育儿和青春期教育(34.2%)。女性婚姻移民对相关政策期望的前3位分别为“及时报入上海户口”(88.3%)、“定期组织健康检查”(37.4%)和“提供就业信息和就业培训”(32.5%)。结论考虑到户籍制度限制了女性婚姻移民获得政府服务的可及性,在制订健康政策时需要考虑政策的断层以及此类人群的特殊性,以保护她们的健康公平性。健康教育和社区动员有助于提高她们享受基本卫生服务的可及性及提高自我保健的意识和能力。

Objective To understand the basic health status and service needs of female marital migrants in Shanghai, and to provide basis for further health promotion. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among 1,000 female migrants immigrants of childbearing age who were registered in other provinces and municipalities in 5 Districts of Shanghai by means of stratified random sampling. Results The proportion of female married immigrants who rated their health status as good or better was 87.7%. The proportion of female married immigrants took part in Shanghai urban health insurance was 64.4%. The proportion of people who took part in gynecological census once a year was 29.6%, 24.6% took part in gynecological census once a year in two years. The top three life troubles of female married immigrants were “troubles in children’s education”,“health problems of family members”,“low family income and high pressure of earning a living”. The top three demands for health services for female marital migrants were knowledge of prevention and treatment of chronic diseases (59.4%), regular health check-ups (53.7%), and scientific childcare and adolescent education (34.2%). The top three expectations of female marital migrants for relevant policies were “timely registration to Shanghai residence registration”(88.3%),“regular health check-up”(37.4%), and “employment information and training”(32.5%). Conclusion Considering that the household registration system restricts the accessibility of women married immigrants to government services, the policy gaps and the particularity of such groups should be considered when formulating health policies to protect their health equity. Health education and community mobilization help to improve their access to basic health services and their awareness and ability to self-care.