“骈四俪六”与元明清赋学批评的演变

"Piansililiu (骈四俪六)" and the Change of Fu (赋) Criticism in Yuan,Ming and Qing Dynasties

"骈四俪六"是元明清赋学批评中较为常见的术语。它不仅指骈赋或律赋中的隔对句式,并且与赋的声律、藻饰、结构和文气等特征紧密相关。它最早出现在柳宗元的《乞巧文》中,李商隐加以剪裁,选择"四六"作为自己的公牍文章名称。这导致"骈四俪六"基本上被视为骈文批评话语。其实,它也是赋学批评中的重要概念。元代祝尧在赋学专著中从四六隔对违反自然、雕琢辞藻、害道伤情的角度加以否定。明清赋学批评既延续了祝尧的观点,又拓展了其内涵,能从具体句法、章法等方面来探究其使用技巧、抒情达意功能与声律、文气效果等。从"骈四俪六"在元明清赋学批评中的地位变化,可知骈文与骈赋、律赋在文体上的相似性,这也正是清人多将骈赋和律赋视为骈文的原因之一。

Piansililiu(parallel construction of pairs of four-and-six-character sentences)is a common terminology in the criticism of Fu(赋)in Yuan,Ming and Qing Dynasties,which not only refers to the segregated sentences in Fu,but also is closely related to the rhythm,decoration,structure and style of Fu.It first appeared in Liu Zongyuan's Qiqiaowen.Li Shangyin chose"siliu"as the name of his parallel prose collection.This leads to it being basically regarded as parallelism critical discourse.In fact,it is an important concept in the criticism of Fu(赋).Zhu Yao in the Yuan Dynasty denied the violation of nature,sculpture,harmfulness and sentiment in his Fu monographs from the perspectives of siliu divisions.Zhu Yao's point of view was continued and developed in the study of Fu in Ming and Qing Dynasties.Its use skills,lyric function,rhythm and effect of style could be explored from the specific syntax and rules of composition.It can be seen that the similarity in style between parallel prose and Fu is one of the reasons why most people in Qing Dynasty regard Fu as parallel prose.