子美集开诗世界——杜甫诗歌叙事研究

Zimei's Collection Opening a Poetic World: A Narrative Study of Du Fu's Poetry

杜甫的纪游诗中空间位移与时间顺序感更强,即"叙"的意识加强了。其自传诗虽然还带有古乐府叙事以概述为主、情节模糊的特征,但是诗中有了动作一贯的行动者(角色),有情节发展,有时间的流动,叙事性大大加强。其反映战乱的诗已尽量除去情绪化表达文字,加强客观"叙事"成份,在一定程度上以"再现"生活场景取代直接抒情。"诗史"云云,它只是杜甫在诗歌中成功地运用叙事策略而带来的一种貌似客观中立的表达效果。叙事性为杜甫诗歌带来了全新的审美体验,它不仅为唐诗语言的通俗化提供了内在的必要性,特别是《新安吏》、《石壕吏》、《新婚别》、《垂老别》等诗中"外聚焦视角"的创造性运用,也为唐诗探索出了新的表现手法,也为中唐叙事诗歌的繁荣奠定了基础。

Du Fu’s travel poems reveal more spatial displacements and time sequences, thus acquiring a more “narrative” style. Among the travel poems, despite the fact that Du’s autobiographical poems still had the characteristics of ancient Yuefu narrative featured with essential means of summary and vague plots, narrative elements had been greatly strengthened, as was seen in consistent actors (roles), plot development and flow of time in these poems. Those poems reflecting wartime chaos had the least emotional expressions, while adding to objective “narrative” elements, thus to some extent reproducing real life scenarios instead of direct emotional expressions. The so called “history-recording poems” were simply results of seemingly objective and neutral expressions brought about by Du Fu’s successful adoption of narrative strategies in his poems. Narrative brought a brand-new aesthetic experience to Du’s poems. It not only provided an internal necessity for plain Tang poetry language and explored new ways of poetic expressions, especially through the creative usage of “external focus perspective” in such poems as Officials in Xin’an County, Officials in Shihao Village, Separation after New Marriageand Old Age Departure , but also laid a foundation for the prosperity of narrative poetry in the Mid-Tang Dynasty.