单克隆抗体药物临床应用进展

Progress in the clinical application of monoclonal antibody drugs

抗体是一种由效应B细胞分泌,与抗原特异性结合的大型Y形蛋白质。单克隆抗体是由单一B细胞克隆产生的高度均一、仅针对某一特定抗原表位的抗体,因其高度特异性而被广泛应用于疾病的诊断及治疗。20世纪90年代,聚合酶链反应技术、抗体库技术和转基因技术的开发推动了单克隆抗体制备技术向全人源化发展。目前,单克隆抗体在肿瘤、自身免疫性疾病和感染类疾病的诊断及治疗中有着广阔的应用前景。文章对单克隆抗体药物的临床应用进行了综述。

Antibody is a large and Y-shaped protein that is secreted by effect B cells and binding to antigen specificity. Monoclonal antibody is a highly homogeneous antibody against a specific antigen epitope produced by single B cell clone. Because of its high specificity,monoclonal antibody is widely used in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. In 1990s,polymerase chain reaction technology,antibody library technology and transgenic technology promoted the development of monoclonal antibody preparation technology to all humans. Monoclonal antibody has a broad application prospects in disease diagnosis and treatment of tumors and autoimmune infectious diseases. This review focuses on the application of monoclonal antibody drugs in clinical medicine.