湖南益阳商代青铜角形器的科学分析与相关问题探讨

Scientific Analysis of Shang Dynasty Bronze Horned Artifact Unearthed in Yiyang,Hunan Province and Discussion on Related Issues

益阳谢林港出土了一件商代兽面纹青铜角形器,是上古铜器中少见的一类器物。由于考古信息缺失,利用金相显微镜、扫描电镜能谱仪和固体表面热电离质谱仪对该角形器进行科学分析。结果表明,器物为铸造成型,合金材质为锡含量16.54%的高锡含量青铜,铅同位素组成为高放射成因铅,其合金和铅同位素特征与中原殷墟二期铜器相同,结合器物纹饰,益阳青铜角形器应为殷墟二期的器物。殷墟二期铜器普遍具有高锡现象,表明商代晚期铸铜工匠对铜锡合金机械性能的认识达到了新的高度。商代晚期铜锡合金青铜器的大规模铸造是中国古代第一个用锡高峰,反映了古代锡金属开采和冶炼技术质的提升,在中国冶金史上具有里程碑意义。

One Shang Dynasty Taotie design bronze horned artifact unearthed in Xielingang, Yiyang, Hunan Province, is one kind rare bronze in ancient times.Due to lack of archaeological information, this horned artifact was scientific analyzed by OM, SEM-EDS and solid surface thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS).The results show that this artifact is casting tin bronze with tin content as high as 16.54%.Lead isotopic composition is highly radiogenic lead.Its alloy characteristics and lead isotopic composition are the same with the Yin Ruins second phase bronzes, combined with artifact design features, it should be the same period artifact.The second phase of the Yinxu bronzes generally has an obvious tin phenomenon, indicating that the bronze casting craftsman of the late Shang Dynasty reached a new height in understanding of mechanical properties of copper-tin alloy.The large-scale casting of copper-tin bronze in the late Shang Dynasty was the first peak application of tin metal resources in ancient China, reflecting improvement of ancient tin metal mining and smelting technology, which was a milestone in the history of metallurgy in China.