16种含马兜铃内酰胺衍生物类中药甲醇提取物对家蝇和埃及伊蚊活性筛选

Screening of Insecticidal Activities of 16 Traditional Chinese Medicine Containing Lactam Derivatives of Aristolochia Against Musca domestica and Aedes aegypti

寻找和开发安全有效的植物性杀虫剂,以丰富植物源农药的来源,填补化学农药禁限用留下的空白。甲醇冷浸提取法制备辽细辛、石楠藤、金狮藤等16种中草药的提取物,采用无限量取食法,测定了对家蝇成虫的活性,采用幼虫浸液法,测定了对埃及伊蚊四龄幼虫的活性。结果表明:在10mg/mL浓度下,处理家蝇48h后,辽细辛、石楠藤、金狮藤、单叶细辛校正死亡率分别为100%、100%、100%和98.33%,LC_(50)值分别为0.1483、0.1544、3.5277和2.4292mg/mL,三叶鱼藤LC_(50)值为0.9080 mg/mL;在0.5 mg/mL浓度下处理埃及伊蚊四龄幼虫48 h,辽细辛、石楠藤、金狮藤、单叶细辛、厚朴校正死亡率分别为100%、100%、100%、100%和100%,LC_(50)值分别为0.0046、0.0094、0.0570、0.0658和0.0504 mg/mL,三叶鱼藤为0.1194 mg/mL。辽细辛、石楠藤、单叶细辛、金狮藤对两种试虫均表现出优良的杀虫活性,均优于或接近三叶鱼藤活性。

In order to find and develop safe and effective botanical insecticides, to enrich the sources of botanical pesticides and fill the gaps left by prohibitions and restrictions on the use of chemical pesticides, sixteen kinds of Chinese herbal medicines were extracted by methanol, and the insecticidal activity against adult Musca domestica was tested by the method of unlimited intake, and that against the fourth instar larvae of Aedes aegypti was tested by the larval immersion method. The results showed that after 48 h treatment at 10 mg/mL, the corrected mortality rates of Asarum heterotropoides F. Schmidt var. mandshuricum(Maxim.) Kitag, Piper wallichii(Miq.) Hand-Mazz, Aristolochia kaempferi Willd.[A.mollis Dunn], Asarum himalaicum Hook. f. et Thoms. ex Klotzsch was 100%, 100%, 100% and 98.33%, respectively, and the LC50 value separately was 0.1483, 0.1544, 3.5277 and 2.4292 mg/mL, while that for Derris trifoliata Lour was 0.9080 mg/mL. Against the 4 th instar larvae of A. aegypti at 0.5 mg/mL for 48 h, the corrected mortality rate of A. heterotropoides, P. wallichii, A. kaempferi, A. himalaicum, and Magnolia officinalis Rehd. et Wils. was 100%, 100%,100%, 100% and 100%, separately, and the LC50 value was 0.0046, 0.0094, 0.0570, 0.0658 and 0.0504 mg/mL, respectively, while that for D. trifoliata Lour was 0.1194 mg/mL. A. heterotropoides, P. wallichii, A. kaempferi, A. himalaicum showed excellent insecticidal activity on the two tested insects, better than or close to the activity of the control D. trifoliata.