基于斑块尺度的资源环境承载力测算与国土空间优化策略——以厦门市为例

Measurement of Resource and Environment Bearing Capacity and Optimization Strategy for Territorial Space Based on Patch Scale:A Case Study of Xiamen City

资源环境承载力空间格局特征对优化国土空间开发利用具有重要意义。当前对资源环境承载力空间分布格局的研究多以国家、省市等宏观区域尺度作为评价单元,且大多依托各行政区划的统计数据进行测算,遥感技术在一定程度上弥补了统计数据在城市尺度空间可视化上的不足。本文利用遥感技术与生态足迹的基本理论和方法,以厦门市域为研究区域,从土地利用斑块单元尺度对厦门市的资源环境承载力进行空间测度与格局分析,并提出相应的国土空间优化策略。结果表明:厦门市人均资源环境承载力为0.172gha/cap,资源环境承载力供给的空间分布不均,整体分布格局与土地利用类型的地理分布特征具有一定的相似性;厦门市人均生态足迹为1.555gha/cap,供给远小于需求量,生态系统处于生态赤字状态;从斑块单元的国土提升和街镇单元的人口调控两方面提出针对性的国土空间优化策略,将厦门各街镇单元划分为优先提升区、优化引导区和保护控制区。

The spatial pattern characteristics of resource and environment bearing capacity are of great significance for optimizing the development and utilization of territorial space.At present,the researches on the spatial distribution pattern of resource and environment bearing capacity are mostly based on an evaluation unit in the macro regional scale of the country,province or city,and the statistical data of various administrative divisions in measuring.To certain extent,remote sensing technology has remedied for the deficiency in visualization of statistical data in urban scale space.By using the remote sensing technology and the basic theory and method of ecological footprint,this paper takes the city proper of Xiamen as the research area,and analyzes the spatial measurement and pattern of ecological bearing capacity of Xiamen city from the perspective of land use patch unit scale,before putting forward corresponding territorial spatial optimization strategy.The results show that the per capita resource and environment bearing capacity of Xiamen was 0.172 gha/cap,the spatial distribution of supply of resource and environment carrying capacity was uneven,and there is certain similarity between the overall distribution pattern and the geographical distribution characteristics of land use categories.The per capita ecological footprint of Xiamen was 1.555 gha/cap,and the supply was far lagged behind the demand,meaning that the ecosystem was in a state of ecological deficit.From two aspects of land promotion in patch unit and population regulation and control at street-town unit,this paper puts forward the targeted optimization strategy for territorial space,and divides each street-town unit of Xiamen into three zones:upgrade zone with priority,optimization guiding zone,and protection control zone.