德国国家规划体系

The State Planning System of Germany

德国是“空间规划”思想的重要策源地,也是系统开展空间规划实践的世界主要大国。德国国家规划体系高度契合德国的国家政治文明与社会文化特征,是国家治理体系的重要组成,而规划也对德国国土“空间秩序”的形成起到了积极的促进作用。本文概要性地介绍了德国国家行政体系、国家规划体系架构及不同层次间规划的协调、规划实施途径和近年来面临的挑战等内容,以便于我国规划界认识德国国家规划体系的基本特点及核心考量因素。

Germany is an important birthplace of “spatial planning” and one the world’s great powers carrying out spatial planning practice systematically.The state planning system of Germany,which is highly compatible with its political and social culture,is a key component of its national governance system.Spatial planning also plays a positive role in promoting the “spatial order” of German territory.This article gives a brief introduction to the state administrative system of Germany,the structure of the planning system and the coordination of planning at different levels,the planning implementation approaches and the challenges faced with the state planning system in recent years,with an expectation that the planning community of China can understand the basic characteristics and core considerations of the German planning system.