“进入祖坟”:太行山区丧葬禁忌的人类学研究

Entering Ancestral Graves: Anthropological Study on Funeral Taboos in Taihang Mountains

能否进入祖坟以及是否以"正确"的方式和"整全"的形式顺利进入祖坟,是太行山区段村村民去世之后必须直面的问题。以祖坟为中心,当地民众在"券墓""寄埋""起干丧"等长期的丧葬实践过程中,逐渐形成了程序的正当性、形式的整全性、边界的区隔性等丧葬特征。借助长期的田野观察及详细的个案描述,本民族志报告指出了当地的丧葬习俗通过边界的"立"与"破"所完成的内在结构转换。把握这种结构转换,有助于人们了解当地的丧葬文化,从根本意义上理解民众对死后系统安排的文化逻辑。

Whether to enter ancestral graves smoothly in the form of“correct”and“complete”is a problem that must be faced directly after the death of a villager in Taihang Mountains.With ancestral graves as the center,the local people gradually formed the funeral characteristics of procedure legitimacy,form integrity and boundary partition in the long-term funeral practice of Quanmu,Jimai and Qigansang etc.With the help of long-term field observations and detailed case descriptions,the ethnographic report points out that the local funeral customs have completed the internal structural transformation through the Making and Breaking of the boundary.Grasping this structural transformation will help people to understand the local funeral culture and the cultural logic of people’s systematic arrangement after death in a fundamental sense.