辽东山区古石河森林群落物种组成特征

Species composition characteristics of forest community in the paleo-stone stream of the eastern Liaoning mountainous region

为探讨森林群落的种类组成与结构,确定群落的成员型,基于26个群落样地调查数据,对辽东山区古石河上发育的森林群落的物种组成、区系成分,以及落叶阔叶林、针阔混交林和暗针叶林乔木层树种的主要特征进行了研究。结果表明:①古石河森林群落中记录到维管束植物60科107属143种,其中蕨类植物10科12属15种,种子植物50科95属128种,种子植物中含有10个植物种及以上的科仅有蔷薇科Rosaceae,毛茛科Ranunculaceae和百合科Liliaceae。森林群落乔、灌、草层的维管束植物分别为32, 45和83种,层外植物为4种。②综合乔木层树种的主要特征,落叶阔叶林内紫椴Tilia amurensis的重要值为26.31%,蒙古栎Quercus mongolica,色木槭Acer mono,紫花槭Acer pseudo-sieboldianum,水曲柳Fraxinus mandshurica和千金榆Carpinus cordata的重要值分别为15.71%, 11.27%, 9.37%, 9.08%和8.65%,其余树种的重要值为0.11%～2.94%;针阔混交林内紫椴和臭冷杉Abies nephrolepis的重要值分别为19.71%和14.87%,其余树种的重要值处于0.28%～7.25%;暗针叶林内臭冷杉的重要值为56.18%,其余树种的重要值处于0.17%～8.91%。古石河森林群落中世界广布种和北温带植物种较多,乔、灌、草各层中单种属的科较多; 3种林型的建群种或共建种都比较明显。

To stud y species composition and structure of a forest community, the type of community member was determined based on community survey data in 26 sampling areas. Then an analysis on species composition and floral elements of the forest community, which grew in the paleo-stone stream of eastern the Liaoning mountainous region, was made. Also, the main characteristics of tree species in three forest types(deciduous broadleaf forest, mixed broadleaf-conifer forest, and dark coniferous forest) were researched. Results showed that(1) vascular plant species of 60 families, 107 genera, and 143 species in the forest community of the paleo-stone stream including 10 families, 12 genera, and 15 species of fern;and 50 families, 95 genera, and 128 species of spermatophyte. Only Rosaceae, Ranunculaceae, and Liliaceae had more than ten species of spermatophyte. The forest community had vascular plants in the tree layer(32 species), in the shrub layer(45 species), and in the herb layer(83 species) with four species in the outer layer.(2) For the main characteristics of tree layer species in a deciduous broadleaf forest, the importance value of Tilia amurensis was 26.31%,Quercus mongolica was 15.71%, Acer mono was 11.27%, Acer pseudo-sieboldianum was 9.37%, Fraxinus mandshurica was 9.08%, and Carpinus cordata was 8.65% with the rest of the tree species’ importance values ranging from 0.11% to 2.94%. In the mixed broadleaf-conifer forest, the importance value of Tilia amurensis was 19.71% and Abies nephrolepis was 14.87% with the rest of the tree species’ importance values ranging from 0.28% to 7.25%. In the dark coniferous forest, the importance value of Abies nephrolepis was 56.18%with the rest of the tree species’ importance values ranging from 0.17% to 8.91%. There was a high number of cosmopolitan species and north temperate species of the paleo-stone stream, and the families of monotypic genera in tree layer, shrub layer, and herb layer were obvious. The constructive species and co-edificato species in the three forest types were also obvious.[Ch, 4 tab. 19 ref.].