农民创业能力评价与比较

Evaluation and comparison of farmers' entrepreneurial abilities

基于蒂蒙斯-克里斯蒂安创业过程等相关理论及文献,结合浙江省实地访谈和问卷调查相关数据,构建了农民创业能力评价指标体系,并将农民创业分为农产品生产为主、农产品加工为主、农产品销售为主和其他等4种类型,比较了不同类型农民创业者创业能力差异并分析了差异原因。结果表明:由于农民社会网络、知识体系以及思想观念等局限,农民创业能力总体偏低,得分最高的是资源整合能力、最低的是机会识别能力,而创业能力可以通过系统教育、学习、交流等形式加以培养和提升,但对不同类别农民创业能力提升在内容和方法上要有差异性,特别是得分较低的能力要针对性的培养,以提升农民创业整体能力。本研究完善了农民创业能力评价理论基础,为政府及农民自身针对不同类型农民创业者提升其创业能力提供理论依据和实践指导。

Based on the relevant theories and literature on Timmons-Christian entrepreneurship process, using the data from field interviews and questionnaire surveys in Zhejiang Province, the paper constructed an evaluation index system of farmers’ entrepreneurial abilities. Farmers’ entrepreneurship was classified into four types,namely, agricultural production centered, agricultural product processing centered, agricultural product sales centered, and others. The research compared the entrepreneurial abilitiesof different types of farmers and analyzed reasons for the differences. The results showed that farmers’ entrepreneurial abilities were generally low due to the constraints of their social network, knowledge system and mentality. The ability with the highest score was theability to integrate resources, the lowest score being the ability to identify opportunities. Entrepreneurship could be cultivated and promoted through systematic education, learning and communication.However, there should be differences in the contents and methods for promoting different types of farmers’ entrepreneurship abilities, especially the abilities with low scores should be targeted to cultivate, in order to improve the overall ability of farmers’ entrepreneurship. The paper perfected the theoretical foundation of farmers’ entrepreneurial abilities evaluation, and provided theoretical basis and practical guidance for the government and farmers themselves to enhance their entrepreneurial abilities according to different types of farmers entrepreneurs.[Ch, 2 tab. 23 ref.].