应县木塔倾斜及扭转分析

Analysis of tilt and twist of the Yingxian Wooden Pagoda

应县木塔是辽代建筑的典型代表,距今已约960年.为了解应县木塔当前的变形状况,为其修缮和保护提供科学依据,对应县木塔进行了原位变形测试.进一步分析了木塔明层及平坐层的整体倾斜和扭转,其中对木塔的二层、三层进行重点分析.实测及分析结果表明:应县木塔的二层明层及平坐层内外槽变形不协调,外槽变形较严重;木塔二层明层外槽变形较大的柱子主要分布在西南、正南和东南方向,二层明层整体向东北方向倾斜.平坐层外槽变形较大的柱子主要分布在正西,西北和东北方向;三层明层与二层明层变形趋势基本一致,三层平坐层变形大于相应的二层,变形趋势和二层相反;二层、三层明层方柱与圆柱连接不紧密,两者变形不统一,方柱倾斜量普遍大于圆柱;相对于二层、三层,四层五层变形较小,整体向正北和东北方向倾斜;二层、三层内槽扭转方向不一致,且两层内槽扭转趋势相反,而外槽扭转趋势基本一致,方向均沿逆时针.

The Yingxian Wooden Pagoda is a typical representative of the architectural style of Liao Dynasty, which is about 960 years ago. In order to solve the current deformation situation of the Yingxian Wooden Pagoda to better repair and protection of wooden pagoda, spot deformation measurement test was made for this county pagoda. Further analysis is made on the overall tilt and twist of the pagoda and the dark floor, and the second floor and the third floor of the wooden tower are also analyzed emphatically. Conclusions are drawn as follows: the deformation of the inner and outer grooves of the second floors and the dark floors of the Yingxian Wooden Pagoda is not coordinated, and the deformation of the outer groove is serious. The columns of the second floor of the timber pagoda mainly distribute in the southwest, the south and the southeast, and the second floor are inclined to the northeast. The large deformation columns in the outer groove of the dark floor are mainly distribute in the west, northwest and northeast. The deformation trend of the third floor and the second floor is basically the same, the deformation of the third floor is more than the corresponding two, the deformation trend is opposite to the second floor;the second and third floor square column is not tightly connected with the circular column, and their deformation is not uniform and the square column is more tilted. Compared with the second and the third floors, the deformation of the fourth floor and the fifth floor is smaller and the whole is tilted to the north and the northeast. The torsional trend of the two or three inner grooves is polarized, and the torsional trend of the second inner grooves is opposite, but the torsional trend of the outer groove is basically the same, and presents the counter clockwise.