新疆棉田根际土壤真菌荧光PCR技术定量及其时空动态分析

Quantitative and Spatio-Temporal Dynamic Analysis of Rhizosphere Soil Fungi by PCR Technology in Xinjiang Cotton Fields

【目的】研究新疆棉花黄萎病病株根际土壤真菌数量的时空动态变化,及棉花根际土壤真菌与黄萎病病原菌数量的相关性。【方法】用荧光定量PCR方法,测定新疆不同植棉区及其不同生育时期棉田根际土壤真菌总量和棉花黄萎病病原菌数量进行测定,分析棉花黄萎病病株根际土壤真菌数量在不同植棉区和不同生育时期的变化趋势,及棉花根际土壤真菌与棉花黄萎病病原菌数量的相关性。【结果】新疆不同植棉区的棉花在不同生育期其病株根际土壤真菌数量表现出不同变化趋势。哈密棉花病株吐絮期根际土壤真菌最大值达6.16×10^4copies/gFRW;库尔勒棉花病株根际土壤真菌在苗期达到最大为4.23×10^4copies/gFRW;阿拉尔棉花病株根际土壤真菌在苗期至蕾期逐渐增加,随后逐渐减小,在吐絮期达到最小值为1.41×10^-4copies/gFRW。北疆精河和东疆哈密棉花根际土壤真菌数量与黄萎病病原菌数量的PCC分别高达0.989和0.993,呈显著正相关。南疆图木舒克棉花根际土壤真菌数量与黄萎病病原菌数量的PCC为0.880,呈正相关。【结论】新疆棉花黄萎病病株根际土壤真菌含量较高,在不同采样区和不同生育期,其根际土壤真菌总量均呈波动性变化。从棉花的四个生育期(苗期、蕾期、花铃期、吐絮期)来看,棉花病株根际土壤真菌数量最大值出现在吐絮期。新疆棉花病株根际土壤真菌数量的空间变化是东疆大于南疆大于北疆。在不同生态区,棉花根际土壤真菌和棉花黄萎病病原菌之间表现为正相关,而在不同发育期则表现为负相关。

【Objective】To study the spatio-temporal dynamics of the number of fungi in the rhizosphere soil of cotton Verticillium wilt strains in Xinjiang,and the correlation between them.【Methods】Fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to determine the total amount of fungi in the rhizosphere soil and the number of pathogens in different cotton-growing areas and in different growth stages in Xinjiang and to analyze their variation trend and the correlation between cotton rhizosphere soil fungi and the number of cotton Verticillium pathogens.【Results】The number of fungi in the rhizosphere soil of different cotton growing areas and different growth stages in Xinjiang showed different trends.The maximum value of fungi in rhizosphere soil of Hami cotton was 6.16×10 4 copies/g FRW;the rhizosphere soil fungi of Korla cotton diseased strains reached the maximum at seedling stage,which was 4.23×10 4 copies/g FRW;the rhizosphere soil fungi of Aral cotton diseased strains increased gradually from the seedling stage to the bud stage,then decreased gradually,and reached a minimum at the flocculation stage,which was 1.41×10-4 copies/g FRW.There was a significant positive correlation between the number of soil fungi and the number of the pathogens of the Verticillium dahliae in Jinghe in northern Xinjiang and in Hami in Eastern Xinjiang,and their PCC were as high as 0.989 and 0.993,respectively.The number of fungi in the rhizosphere soil of Tumushuke cotton in southern Xinjiang was positively correlated with the number of pathogens of Verticillium dahliae,which was 0.880.【Conclusion】The content of fungi in rhizosphere soil of cotton Verticillium wilt was higher,and in different sampling areas and different growth stages,the total amount of soil fungi in rhizosphere fluctuated.In terms of the four growth stages of cotton(seedling stage,bud stage,flowering stage,boll opening stage),the maximum number of the soil fungi in the rhizosphere of the plant disease appeared in the boll opening period.In view of the comprehensive cotton planting areas,the spatial variation of the number of fungi in the rhizosphere soil of cotton diseased plants in Xinjiang was Eastern Xinjiang>Southern Xinjiang>Northern Xinjiang.There was a positive correlation between cotton rhizosphere soil fungi and cotton Verticillium pathogens in different ecological regions of cotton,but,on the other hand,negative correlation was observed at different developmental stages.