经学思想史视域下《曹风·鸤鸠》义理探究

AN EXPLORATION OF SHI JIU FROM ODES OF CAO THROUGH THE HISTORY OF CONFUCIAN CLASSICS

在经学思想史上,与《曹风·鸤鸠》相关的文献有两类。一是《毛诗正义》《诗集传》《诗三家义集疏》等解《诗》类文献;二是《孔子诗论》、简帛《五行》《荀子》《礼记》等出土文献及传世典籍中引用《曹风·鸤鸠》的条目。前者表现了思想家们对《曹风·鸤鸠》的解读与诠释,后者则反映了思想家们对《曹风·鸤鸠》的理解和运用。综合两类文献可知,在经学思想发展史中,思想家们至少是从"均一待下""专一行事""结一于心""维民之则""正身而行""内外合一"6个方面阐释《曹风·鸤鸠》义理的。诚然,《诗》之"经夫妇,成孝敬,厚人伦,美教化,移风俗"的功用,正是在历代思想家解释和运用《诗》的过程中彰显的。因此当下《鸤鸠》研究应重视这两类文献。

Through the history of Confucian classics, literature concerning Shi Jiu from Odes of Cao can be classified into two. One is the interpretation of the text, such as Maoshizhengyi , while the other is the reference of the text from books like Kongzishilun, Xunzi , and Liji . The former shows ancient philosopher’ s interpretations of Shi Jiu from Odes of Cao, while the latter reveals their understanding of Shi Jiu from Odes of Cao . On such a basis, there are at least six aspects to interpret Shi Jiu through the history of Confucian classics, i.e. equality, commitment, single-mindedness, standards of the people, the power of examples, and unity of the inner and the outer. Meanwhile, the educational function is emphasized by various philosophers’ reference of the Book of Songs . Thus, both kinds of text should be studied and analyzed for the understanding of Shi Jiu .