刘知几《史通》对《汉书》研究之得失

CRITIQUES ON LIU ZHIJI’S SHI TONG OF ITS STUDY OF HAN SHU

《汉书》研究在唐代极为繁盛,刘知几作为唐代著名史学家,对《汉书》之学亦有涉足。他在《史通》中肯定了班固创立断代纪传体史书体例这一贡献,称许《汉书》富赡典雅之文风,并驳斥张辅贬抑班固史才的谬论,刘知几对《汉书》及班固的评价皆言之有理,但也存在许多指摘不当之处,如对《汉书》细节纠谬正误时有偏执妄论之嫌;在批评《汉书》篇章有不完善之处时,由于考虑问题不够全面而显得立论多有所偏,且出言又多轻率。此外,刘知几对《汉书》志、表的批评有偏执颟顸之失,且没有深刻认识到其作为史志文献所具有的重要文化价值。总之,刘知几《史通》对《汉书》的研究得失兼具。

There were numerous studies of Han Shu during the Tang Dynasty, one of which was by Liu Zhiji, a famous historian of the Tang Dynasty. In his work Shi Tong , Liu acknowledged Ban Gu’s contribution to the biographical style of dynastic history, praised the language style of Han Shu as elegant and magnificent, and refuted Zhang Fu’s belittling comment on Ban Gu’s historical talent. But Liu still made some improper critiques, such as partiality and presumption in his correction of the details of Han Shu . In conclusion, there are both gains and losses in Liu’s critiques.