城市轨道交通车辆用薄壁圆锥形构件轴向耐撞性能研究

Axial Crashworthiness of Thin-walled Tapered Circular Tube Used on Urban Rail Transit Vehicle

针对城市轨道交通车辆压溃式吸能装置常用的Q345和5083H111材料,以数值仿真的方式研究冲击动态下壁厚、冲击速度、锥角对其轴向耐撞性能的影响,比选出总吸能一定时耐撞性能更优的设计方案。研究结果表明,薄壁圆锥形构件的比吸能和碰撞力随壁厚和冲击速度的增加而增加,随锥角的变化因材料而异,且Q345材料的比吸能和碰撞力均大于5083H111;在总吸能一定时,采用大锥角、增加壁厚的方案轴向耐撞性能更优,选用5083H111材料耐撞性能更优。

Since the Q345 and 5083 H111 materials are commonly used in the crushing energy absorbers of urban rail vehicles, the impact of thick-wall, striking velocity and cone angle under impact dynamics on the axial crashworthiness are studied through numerical simulation, a design with better crashworthiness with a fixed energy absorption is selected. The research results show that the specific energy absorption and collision force of thin-walled tapered circular tube will increase following the increase of wall thickness and impact velocity, but the influence of cone angle varies with materials, and the specific energy absorption and collision force of Q345 are larger than that of 5083 H111. When the total energy absorption is constant, the scheme of larger cone angle and wall thickness will improve the crashworthiness, therefore the selection of 5083 H111 material will further increase the crashworthiness.