鲁迅与1933年北平文物迁移

Lu Xun and the Transport of Beiping Cultural Relics in 1933

1933年1月,日军攻陷山海关,北平处于危急之中。国民政府决定将北平故宫等地部分特别珍贵文物迁往南京、上海。鲁迅在《逃的辩护》《学生与玉佛》《崇实》《战略关系》等文章中嘲笑、讽刺了北平文物迁移行为。今天,有人把鲁迅作为当时反对北平文物迁移的代表,也有人认为鲁迅其实并没有反对北平文物迁移。这两种观点都是不符合历史实际的。在当时,有轰轰烈烈的反对北平文物迁移的运动,反对北平文物迁移是占主导地位的意见,更有人不惜流血牺牲以阻止北平文物迁移,相比之下,鲁迅在几篇杂文中的几句嘲讽,实在算不了什么。但鲁迅的确是属于反对北平文物迁移的阵营。鲁迅反对原因有二:一是"为反对而反对",二是认为如果整个国家都沦亡了,文物保护得再好也没有意义。不过,鲁迅在此事上对国民政府的指控,也都是重复他人的观点,并无自己的发明。

In January,1993,Shanhai Pass was conquered by the Japanese army,making Beiping in a state of emergency.Under this situation,the National Government decided to transport some valuable cultural relics from the Forbidden City to Nanjing and Shanghai.Knowing that,Lu Xun wrote articles such as"Defense of Escape","Students and Jade Buddha","Admiration of Reality",and"Strategic Relations"to satirize the transport.Nowadays,some people say that Lu Xun was the representative of opposing the transport,while others say he was not.However,neither view is correct according to the history.In those days,the protest of the transport was vigorous,opposing it was the dominant thought of the public,brave people even sacrifice themselves to fight without hesitation.Although Lu Xun's sarcastic essays were almost insignificant,he was indeed a member of the anti-camp.The two reasons are as follows:first,he may"oppose for the sake of opposing";second,he knew that it was no use protecting cultural relics when the whole country perished.But the accusations against the National Government he made were nothing but repeating other people's opinions rather than his original words.