马克思实践哲学的幸福观变革

Change in Happiness Concept in Marxs Practical Philosophy

马克思实践哲学是社会、经济领域与哲学理论嬗变两个方面的契合。社会、经济学领域在18世纪的重要进步集中体现为三个方面,即工业革命带来的社会生产力迅速发展,政治经济学的成熟和迅速发展,以及以《人口论》为代表的激进派的科学精神复苏;而马克思幸福观形成的哲学背景主要是西方哲学发展的理论嬗变特别是黑格尔理论的影响。二者使得马克思的幸福观以扬弃异化劳动为基础,以人类的自由和全面解放为旨向,从一开始就具有鲜明的实践性。其实践主体是社会人,其幸福观呈现出实践性、整体性等特点,并对现代西方形而上学的日常语言和形而上学的生活世界转向有所影响。

Marx's practical philosophy is the evolutional product of philosophical theory adapting the development of society and economy.The important advances of social and economic fields in the 18th century is mainly embodied in three aspects:the rapid development of social productivity brought about by the Industrial Revolution;the maturity and wide spread of political and economic theory,and the revival of the scientific spirit of the Radicals whose representative book An Essay on the Principle of Population is very famous and fashionable.While the continuous progress of western philosophy especially Hegelian theory lays a solid foundation for the formation of Marx's outlook on happiness.It is them that make Marx's view on happiness base on discarding alienated labor,aim at pursuing the freedom and overall liberation of human beings,featured by distinct practicality from its birth.Marx's view on happiness with the characteristics of practicality and integrity regards the social person as the subjectivity in practice and has exerted a profound influence on the daily language as well as the turning of living world of modern western metaphysics.