具身领导力:身体如何影响领导

Embodied Leadership:Influence of Body on Leadership

尽管越来越多的西方领导力研究开始重新思考领导力与身体的关系问题,但并未明确具身性因素对领导力有何影响又如何影响的问题。这是理解、应用具身领导力的关键问题。从具身认知理论出发,在本体论、认识论、方法论层面挑战主流领导力理论的理论根基,领导力可以被解释为一种领导与追随者之间具身性的交互实践过程。可以从几个方面理解,首先,身体在最基本的感知觉层面直接影响着领导与被领导的感知觉经验,而这是形成领导关系、建构领导力的关键前提,影响着领导者或追随者对于领导过程的融入意愿、程度等。另一方面,伴随着感觉和知觉经验层面的影响,会形成相应的具身性领导知识,利于领导者认识、把握领导过程中不可见、不可触摸的一面。其次,身体的在场体验影响领导实践中的自我意识、人际交往与沟通、问题解决、身份认同、意义建构等关键问题。具身性因素对领导的影响可通过三种方式实现:生理—物理的方式,情境与情境行动的方式,隐喻。在更深层次上,这些影响方式有着特定的心理机制基础。具身性是领导力的一种基本特性,力图从身体出发更完整地去把握领导力及其本质。

Although more and more western researches on leadership begin to rethink the relation between body and leadership,it is still uncertain what influence body can have on leadership and how body influences leadership,which is the key to understand and use the embodied leadership.From the perspective of Embodied Cognition theory,challenging the theoretical foundation of the mainstream leadership theories at the levels of ontology,epistemology and methodology,this thesis considers leadership as an embodied interaction process between the leader and the followers.First,body,at the most basic level of sensory perception,immediately influences the sensory perception experience of the leader as well as the followers,which is the key premise to construct leadership,and also influences the leader's and the followers'intention and degree of integration into the leading process.Second,with the influence of the experience of sense and perception,the knowledge of embodied leadership would be acquired,which would help to the leader understand and grasp the invisible and intangible aspects of leadership.Third,the presence experience of body influences the leader's self-consciousness,interpersonal communication,problem solving,identity recognition,meaning construction,etc.The influence of embodied factors on the leader is realized through three ways:biological-physical way,situation and situational act,metaphor.On a deeper level,the ways of those effects are based on a particular psychological mechanism.In general,embodiment is one of the fundamental natures of leadership,which starts from body,aims to completely grasp the leadership and its nature.