家庭环境对儿童情绪调节的影响:因素、机制与启示

Impact of Family Context on Childrens Emotion Regulation:Factors,Mechanism and Enlightenment

家庭环境是影响儿童情绪调节发展的重要因素。目前,相关研究主要从家庭基本环境(如家庭嘈杂度、家庭社会经济地位、家庭结构)、父母情绪特征(如情绪调节、情绪症状)以及家庭互动(如婚姻关系、亲子依恋、家庭情绪表达、教养方式、情绪反应方式)等对儿童情绪调节的影响进行了探讨。综合文献,本研究指出家庭互动在其他家庭因素与儿童情绪调节之间扮演着重要中介作用,家庭互动通过示范—模仿、教导—同化以及反馈—内化等过程影响儿童的情绪调节。家庭教育中,家长应树立科学的情绪教育观念,提供适宜的情绪调节榜样,共同反思情绪事件以及积极反应儿童的情绪。

Family context is an important aspect of children's emotional regulation development.Related researches have explored the significant role of family context in children's emotion regulation from the following three dimensions:basic environment of family(e.g.home chaos,socioeconomic status and family structure),parents'emotional characteristics(e.g.parental emotion regulation and emotional symptoms)and family interaction(e.g.marital relations,attachment,family expressiveness,parenting style and parental reaction).We believe that family interaction mediates the relation between basic environment of family or parent's emotional characteristics and children's emotion regulation,and that family interaction impactes children's emotion regulation through modeling,coaching and feedback processes.Parents should adopt scientific philosophy of emotional education,make a suitable model of emotion regulation,talk about emotional events with children and give positive feedback on children's emotion expression.