基于生态足迹模型的水资源可持续利用分析

Analysis on sustainable utilization of water resources based on ecological footprint model

以典型喀斯特地区——六盘水市为研究区,基于生态足迹理论,从生活、生产、生态3个用水账户角度出发,构建了六盘水市水资源生态足迹模型与水资源生态承载力模型,用于对六盘水市2008～2015年的水资源生态足迹和生态承载力进行计算。在此基础上,应用多种评价指标分析了该市水资源可持续利用情况,讨论了各指标与年平均降雨量之间的关系。研究结果表明:该区域的水资源属于生态盈余状况,水资源利用整体而言处于可持续利用的状态,但是人均水资源生态承载力的年际变化幅度较大,可持续性比较不稳定;同时,生态用水和万元GDP的水资源生态足迹处在较低的水平,说明目前的用水比例不利于生态环境的改善,因而需要进一步提高用水效率。所采用的研究方法和得出的研究结论可以为岩溶地区的水资源可持续性研究提供一定的依据和参考。

Liupanshui City, located in a typical karst area, is taken as research area. Based on the ecological footprint theory, we established water resources ecological footprint and ecological carrying capacity models from the perspectives of water consumption account of living, production and ecology. We then estimated the water resources ecological footprint and the ecological carrying capacity from year 2008 to 2015. On this basis, a variety of evaluation indicators were utilized to analyze the sustainable utilization of water resources of Liupanshui City and discuss the relationship between each indicator with annual average rainfall. The results show that the region has an ecological surplus, the utilization of water resources is in a sustainable state as a whole, but there are large variations in the interannual carrying capacity of water resources per capita. Meanwhile, the ecological water consumption and the water resources footprint of ten thousand RMB GDP are still fairly low, indicating that the current water consumption ratio is not conducive to ecological environment improvement, and water use efficiency is needed to be further promoted. The adopted research methods and the conclusions can provide some references for studies on the sustainability of water resources in karst areas.