考虑生态流量的小流域水库群联合调度研究

Study on reservoir group co-regulation in small watershed considering ecological flow

在小流域开展考虑生态流量需求的水库群联合调度,成为改善小流域河道生态环境的重要途径。采用水库群模拟优化方法建立了考虑下游河道生态需水的水库群多目标联合调度模型。模型依据流域内水库群的调节能力和调度目标,将水库群划分为3类;以供水目标为优先原则,确立水库群的调度方式和调度图。在此基础上,采用多目标遗传算法(NSGA-II)求解水库群联合调度的调度图。最后以重庆市龙溪河流域为研究实例,对不同生态需水流量下的水库群多目标调度效益进行对比分析。结果表明,生态流量的增加对流域内的农业用水影响最为明显,水库群多目标调度成为平衡各目标之间竞争性的重要方式。

Reservoir group co-regulation in small watershed considering ecological flow has been an important approach to improve the ecological environment. A multi-objective co-regulation model of reservoir group in small watershed considering ecological flow is constructed by reservoir group operation simulation and optimization approach. In the model, the reservoirs are classified as 3 kinds according to the reservoir regulation capacity and regulation objectives and the dispatching mode and dispatching diagram of reservoir group are determined by taking the water supply as priority objective. On the above basis, the joint dispatching diagram of reservoir group is solved by multi-objective genetic algorithm (NSGA-II). Taking the Longxi River watershed as a study case, the benefit of multi-objective regulation of reservoir group under different ecological water demands are compared and analyzed. The results show that the increase of ecological water would impose the largest impact on agricultural water use.