谁在延宕?哈姆莱特还是莎士比亚?——论《哈姆莱特》的情节结构

Delay of Action or Delay of Narrative? Shakespeare or Hamlet——On the Structure of Hamlet

从剧作结构分析的角度,梳理了《哈姆莱特》的故事原型及莎士比亚的情节选择,探讨了《哈姆莱特》人物复仇行动延宕的剧作技巧方面原因,认为原型故事的影响、"戏中戏"情节的展开延缓了人物复仇的行动,特别是过多次要人物的登场分散了作者的笔墨。与主体情节关系不大的明场交代也是复仇行动显得拖沓的原因之一。与其说哈姆莱特犹豫,不如说是剧作者莎士比亚还没想清楚故事究竟要怎么表达才更清晰;与其说哈姆莱特的复仇行为被延宕是哈姆莱特的性格所致,不如说是被剧作者莎士比亚的才气和聪明所累。莎士比亚的剧作虽然未能恰到好处地选择原型故事的情节,用了许多人物却未能让人物恰如其分地为主要情节服务,一定程度上伤害了剧作结构的严谨性,却也因此成就了莎士比亚的剧作霸气纵横、气势恢宏的格局,这对于我们今天的创作不无启发。

Based on the analysis of the structure of Hamlet , this paper reviews the prototype of Hamlet and Shakespeare’s selection of plot, and explores the delay of revenge action in Hamlet in terms of play skills. The paper holds the delay of revenge action in Hamlet is influenced by the prototype, the plot of “play-within-a-play”, and the appearance of minor characters. The paper also argues that it is Shakespeare’s creation rather than Hamlet’s hesitation and Shakespeare’s talent and intelligence rather than Hamlet’s character that leads to the delay of revenge action in Hamlet . Shakespeare’s play does not properly select the plot of the prototype, many characters of his plays do not serve the main plot, so that the preciseness of the play structure is affected. However, the grand momentum of Shakespeare’s drama is formed and it also inspires our creation today.