殖民时期法国对塞内加尔同化政策评析

On the French Assimilation Policy in Senegal during the Colonial Period

殖民时期,法国是仅次于英国的第二大殖民国家。法国在其占领的西非殖民地进行直接统治,实施同化政策,其中以塞内加尔最为典型。法国对塞内加尔的同化政策肇始于18世纪末,并且披上大革命"自由、平等、博爱"的外衣。19世纪中叶至20世纪20年代,是法国在塞内加尔实质性推进同化政策的时期。法国在塞内加尔的同化政策涵盖政治同化、经济同化、文化同化和身份同化四个方面。由于现实利益纠葛、文化排斥以及殖民地人民的反抗,同化政策在塞内加尔最终归于失败。

During the colonial period, France was the second biggest colonial country compared with Great Britain in African continent. France had done direct rule in French West Africa and implemented assimilation policy, especially in Senegal. The French assimilation policy in Senegal originated at the end of 18th century and was in the name of ‘liberty, equality and fraternity’. It was from the mid-19th century to the 1920s that French colonizers adopted the policy of assimilation in Senegal. This policy included political assimilation, economical assimilation, cultural assimilation and identification assimilation. Assimilation policy was not in Senegal people ’s interests, and encountered revolts from colonized people. The assimilation policy failed to carry on in Senegal finally.