国际语言复兴研究的理论和实践

Language Revitalization as a Growing Field of Study and Practice

本文探讨了语言复兴作为研究和实践领域的起源和发展。基于最近出版的《劳特利奇语言复兴手册》,本文将语言复兴定义为“为逐渐或已经不被使用的语言提供新的生命和活力的过程”,认为语言复兴研究的发展与20世纪80年代后期开始逐渐兴起的濒危语言研究相呼应。这显示了语言复兴如何在21世纪初作为一个独特的研究领域出现,并且有逐渐往跨学科发展的趋势。本文提供语言复兴的案例研究,以展示在不同的社会、政治和文化背景下研究和实践交织的方式。最后简要分析了该领域发展的两个重要趋势:语言复兴教学课程的发展以及语言复兴民族志研究的出现。

This article examines the origin and growth of language revitalization as a field of both research and practice.Based on the recently published Routledge Handbook of Language Revitalization,the article defines language revitalization as“giving new life and vigor to a language that has been decreasing in use,or which has even ceased being used altogether.”This article argues that language revitalization has grown in tandem with the study of endangered languages,beginning in the late 1980s.It shows how language revitalization emerged as a distinct field of research in the early twenty-first century,and has become in-creasingly interdisciplinary since this time.Case studies of language revitalization are offered to demonstrate the ways in which research and practice intertwine in different social,political,and cultural contexts.The article concludes by briefly examining two significant trends in the development of the field:the growth of teaching programs in language revitalization,and the emer-gence of ethnographic studies of language revitalization.