清代潞盐入豫道路及渡口考释

A Study of Transportation Road and Fords of Yuncheng Salt to Henan in the Qing Dynasty

清代潞盐入豫以陆路为主兼有水路。陆路沿盐池东南西三个方位翻越中条山经茅津渡、太阳渡、陌底渡过河入豫,分别称作运茅道、运太道、运陌道。乾隆二年(1737),经有关运商禀请,原运往偃师县、宜阳县、永宁县、新安县、汝州、宝丰县、伊阳县7县潞盐由运太道改由运茅道入豫,运太道不再运盐。乾隆十二年(1747),经运商卫天泰禀请,原运往内乡县的潞盐由运茅道改经运陌道,从陌底渡过河。水路经夹马口等渡口上船经潼关转至阌乡、淅川等地。入豫盐道中,运茅道因其独特的地理位置扮演着极为重要的角色,发挥着无可替代的作用。

In the Qing Dynasty, Yuncheng salt was usually transported to Henan on land route, with water route. On land route, salty was transported to Henan over Zhongtiao Mountain through east, south and west places, via Maojin Ford, Taiyang Ford, and Modi Ford. These three routes are called Yunmao Route, Yuntai Route, and Yunmo Route. Requested by salt merchants, Yuncheng salt, which had been transported to seven counties such as Yanshi, Yiyang, Yongning, Xin’an, Ruzhou, Baofeng and Yiyang, was transported to Henan on Yunmao Route instead of Yuntai Route in the year of 1737. In 1747, requested by Merchant Wei Tiantai, Yuncheng salt was transported to Henan on Yunmai Route instead of Yunmao Route, crossing the Yellow River at Maidi Ford. And it was shipped at Jiamakou Ford to Tongguan, and then to Kanxiang, and Xichuan. Yunmao Route, due to its unique position, had irreplaceable role in transporting salt to Henan.