甘蔗黑穗病及其防治研究进展

Research Progress on Sugarcane Smut and Its Control

甘蔗是世界上重要的糖料和生物质能源作物,由甘蔗鞭黑粉菌(Sporisorium scitamineum)引起的甘蔗黑穗病是甘蔗生产上的主要病害, 严重影响甘蔗产量和质量,对我国乃至世界甘蔗生产和蔗糖产业的可持续发展构成了严重威胁。在分子水平上甘蔗鞭黑粉菌致病机理和甘蔗抗病机理研究已成为当前研究的热点,深入的机理研究为甘蔗黑穗病的有效防治和抗病育种提供科学依据。目前,选育和推广抗黑穗病新品种是防治甘蔗黑穗病最经济有效的措施,而我国在抗病育种的研究基础比较薄弱。综述了甘蔗黑穗病发生与危害、病原特征、遗传多样性、致病机理、抗病育种及防治对策,并对甘蔗黑穗病研究中存在的问题与今后的研究思路进行了探讨与展望。

Sugarcane is one of the important sugar and biomass energy crops in the world. Sugarcane smut caused by Sporisorium scitamineum is the main disease of sugarcane, which results in enormous yield losses and decline in cane quality, and poses a serious threat to the sustainable development of sugarcane production and sugar industry in China and even in the world. Currently, study on pathogenic mechanism of S. scitamineum and resistance mechanism of sugarcane at molecular level has become a research hotspot, which provides scientific basis for smut control and disease resistance breeding of sugarcane. At present, breeding and promotion of new resistant varieties is the most economical and effective measure to control sugarcane smut. However, research of breeding resistance cultivars is relatively weak in China. This paper reviewed disease occurrence, pathogenic feature, genetic diversity, pathogenic mechanism, disease resistance breeding and control measures. The further research ideas of sugarcane smut were also discussed according to current research.