马克思“社会形态”概念逻辑演进蕴含的思维特征——兼论西方学者关于马克思社会形态理论的争论

The Thinking Characteristics of Logical Evolution of Marx’s Concept of “Social Formation” ——Also on the Controversies of Western Scholars on Marx’s Theory of Social Formation

马克思文本中"社会形态"概念的生成与深化,经历了意蕴形成、术语提出与概念深化三个重要阶段。"社会形态"概念的逻辑演进折射出马克思在考察人类社会发展问题方面,始终坚持现实性、历史性与整体性的科学思维方法,具体抓住社会存在的现实之维、社会发展的历史之维,把握社会有机整体的内在联系,反对在一般意义上抽象地、静止地和孤立地谈论社会形态问题。这是马克思能够不断深化认识人类社会发展进程及其内在规律,完成理论范畴发展与创新的重要思维特质。准确把握马克思"社会形态"概念的历史性生成及其蕴含的思维方法,有利于厘清西方学者关于马克思社会形态理论的争论,反思僵化和片面理解马克思"社会形态"概念及其理论的弊端,从历史科学的角度加深对马克思社会形态理论的理解。

The generation and deepening of the concept of “social formation” in Marx s text has experienced three important stages: the formation of meaning, the formulation of terms and the deepening of concepts. The logical evolution of the concept of “social formation” reflects that in examining the development of human society, Marx always adheres to the scientific thinking methods of reality, historicity and integrity, specifically seizes the reality dimension of social existence, the historical dimension of social development, grasps the internal connection of social organism, and opposes to discussing social formation issues in an abstract, static, and isolated manner in a general sense. This is an important thinking characteristic of Marx to continuously deepen the understanding of the development process of human society and its internal laws, and complete the theoretical category development and innovation. Accurately grasping the historical generation of Marx s concept of “social formation” and its implicit thinking methods is conducive to clarifying the controversies among Western scholars on Marx s theory of social formation, reflecting on the drawbacks of the rigidities and one-sided understanding of Marx s concept of “social formation” and its theory. At the same time, we can also better deepen the understanding of Marx s theory of social formation from the perspective of historical science.