子产生平、辞令及思想新探——以清华简《子产》《良臣》等为中心

New Textual Criticism on ZiChan's Year of Birth,Speaking and Thinking:Research Centering around ZiChan Chapter Included in the Tsinghua Bamboo Slips

子产是"前子学时代"著名的政治家、思想家和文学家,以往学者对其虽有研究,然仍有未及。本文以清华简《子产》《良臣》等新材料为出发点,重考子产当生于公元前585年前后,他精通"六艺"之学,熟悉春秋时代各诸侯国掌故,又深谙治术,被晋人称为博学君子。除受家学影响之外,据清华简新材料,子产之博学与其曾转益多师有很大关系。子产深通"文章经世"之道,在为政中亦擅长文章写作和辞令。他在处理内政外交重大事务时,留下了多篇内容上鞭辟入里,文辞上精彩华丽的"书"体与辞令,为春秋时晋国的叔向等人特别称赞。另外,清华简本《子产》所载子产为政注意取法先王及三代,与《列子·杨朱》中子产礼法并举思想可相互印证。孔子特别倾慕子产,其一生功业受子产影响颇深。这些方面亦可由简本《子产》之面世而得其详情。

ZiChan is a famous politician, thinker and writer in the Pre-Confucian Era. Although scholars have studied ZiChan in the past, they still haven’t explained it clearly. Based on ZiChan and Liang Chen in Tsinghua bamboo slips, this paper re-examines ZiChan, who was born around 585 B.C. and is proficient in"Six Arts". He is familiar with the stories of various kingdoms in the Spring and Autumn Period and knows how to govern. He is called a learned gentleman by Jin people. ZiChan’s erudition which had much to do with his many teachers. When dealing with important affairs such as internal affairs and foreign affairs, he left many articles with penetrating contents, brilliant and gorgeous style and rhetoric of books, which were especially praised by Shuxiang of Jin State in the Spring and Autumn Period. Zi Chan contains"follow the example of ancient emperors in three dynasties", which are identical to the idea of neutron birth etiquette and law in Lie Zi Yang Zhu. Confucius was particularly fond of ZiChan,whose life was deeply influenced by ZiChan. These aspects are available by the publication of Zi Chan.